Production is a complex multi-level module and has some concepts which need to be explained and cleared. Ginesys has a multi-level BoM with a great many combination of processes, routes, sub-assembly items and alternate plans. Here is the explanation for some of the concepts involved in Ginesys Production module.
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Raw materials are basic materials or substances used in the primary production or manufacturing of finished products, energy, or intermediate materials which are feedstock for future finished products. They are often called Commodities and bought and sold on commodities exchanges globally. These have both Inventory and Finance impacts.
For example - In garment manufacturing; fabric is one of the raw materials.
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There are two subcategories of raw materials, which are: Direct materials - These are materials incorporated into the final product. For example, the wood used to manufacture a cabinet. Indirect materials - These are materials not incorporated into the final product, but which are consumed during the production process. For example, the lubricant, oils, rags, light bulbs, and so forth consumed in a typical manufacturing facility. |
Semi - Finished Goods
Semi-finished goods or Intermediate goods are products, such as partly finished items, used as inputs in the production of other goods including final goods. A company may make and then use intermediate goods, or make and then sell, or buy and then use them. They may also be called Producer Goods and have both Inventory and Finance impact. They are also called Work-In-Progress (WIP) Material. It is unavoidable inventory which will be created in almost any manufacturing business. On a balance sheet, work-in-progress is considered to be an asset because money has been spent towards a completed product but because the product has not been completed, however, WIP is valued lower.
For example - In garment manufacturing; in a set of garments each different piece may be considered as a semi-finished goods.
Finished Goods
Finished goods are goods that have been completed through the manufacturing process, or purchased in a completed form, but which have not yet been sold to customers. Goods that have been purchased in completed form are known as merchandise. These have both Inventory and Finance impacts.
For example - In garment manufacturing; a finished, packed and labelled product, ready to grace the racks of a shop, is a finished goods.
Item Type
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Assembly Item
Assembly Items are component or end items comprising of a number of parts or sub-assemblies put together as an inventory item. These may sometimes be disassembled without destruction. An assembly item at one point may be treated as a sub-assembly item at another point.
For example - In garment manufacturing, a kurta or a shirt or a skirt or a trouser etc. are assembly items.
Sub Assembly Item
Sub Assemblies are parts to be put together as a unit, in the making of a larger assembly or a final or higher item. A sub assembly in one case, may be an assembly at another. These items have inventory impact but have no Finance impact.
For example - In garment manufacturing, in case of a shirt - the cuffs, the collar, the pocket, the front , the back, the half-finished shirt are all sub assembly items.
Alternate Item
Items received in the Job Receive which are different from the items ordered through the Job Order. The alternate item must belong to the same article and route group.
For example - In garment manufacturing, suppose the Job Order has item A001 (red shirt) but while receiving through the Job Receipt its found that the jobber has produced the item T002 (red top) then it will be received as an alternate item provided A001 and T002 both belong to the same article and route group.
Raw materials Issue Type
There are various methods of issuing raw materials in Ginesys -
Pull on Order
When raw materials are issued from Job Order and inventory out for it happens at once.
Pull on Completion
When raw materials are issued from Job Receipt but physically it is issued at the time of ordering. Alternate raw material issuing is possible in this case.
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